Cellular Spectrum

Band 28 (700 MHz)

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A 3GPP FDD band spanning 703 to 748 MHz uplink and 758 to 803 MHz downlink (45 MHz paired), based on the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) 700 MHz band plan. Band 28 provides the best low-band coverage of any currently deployed LTE band, serving as the primary coverage layer in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Europe is adopting it as the second digital dividend for both commercial 5G and public safety networks via Band n28.
UL: 703 – 748 MHz
DL: 758 – 803 MHz
Duplex: FDD (55 MHz gap)

Understanding Band 28

Band 28 emerged from the global effort to harmonize 700 MHz spectrum for mobile broadband. The APT band plan consolidates the 703 to 803 MHz range into a single wide allocation with 45 MHz of paired spectrum, allowing wider carriers (up to 20 MHz) than the fragmented US approach (Bands 12, 13, 14, 17). This wider allocation provides more flexibility for network design and better peak throughput on each carrier.

At 700 MHz, radio waves propagate with exceptional efficiency: path loss is 9.5 dB lower than at 2100 MHz, building penetration is 10 to 15 dB better, and diffraction around terrain features is significantly improved. In Australia, Band 28 provides LTE service across vast rural and remote areas with cell radii exceeding 10 km in flat terrain. In dense urban environments, it serves as the indoor fallback layer when mid-band signals cannot penetrate deep into buildings.

Band 28 Technical Parameters

Frequency Allocation:
UL: 703 – 748 MHz (45 MHz)
DL: 758 – 803 MHz (45 MHz)
Duplex spacing: 55 MHz

Path Loss Advantage:
vs. 2100 MHz: 20 log(700/2100) = −9.5 dB
vs. 3500 MHz: 20 log(700/3500) = −14.0 dB

Building Penetration (residential):
700 MHz: 7–10 dB | 2100 MHz: 15–22 dB

Rural Cell Radius (flat terrain):
Band 28: 8–15 km | Band 1: 2–5 km

Global 700 MHz Band Plans

BandPlanPaired BWRegionsStatus
Band 28APT45 MHzAPAC, EU, LATAMActive (growing)
Band 12US Lower 70012 MHzUnited StatesActive (T-Mobile)
Band 13US Upper C12 MHzUnited StatesActive (Verizon)
Band 14FirstNet10 MHzUnited StatesActive (AT&T/FirstNet)
Band 71US 600 MHz35 MHzUS/CanadaActive (T-Mobile)
Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Where is Band 28 deployed?

Extensively in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Europe is adopting it as the second digital dividend (700 MHz), with auctions completed in France, Germany, Italy, and Scandinavia. In Australia, Band 28 provides LTE across remote areas with cell radii exceeding 10 km in flat terrain.

How does Band 28 differ from US 700 MHz bands?

The US divided 700 MHz into narrow bands (12, 13, 14, 17) with different operators. Band 28 (APT plan) consolidates 703 to 803 MHz into a single 45 MHz paired allocation, allowing wider carriers (up to 20 MHz). Devices supporting Band 28 do not inherently support US Bands 12/13/17 due to different frequencies and duplex arrangements.

What makes 700 MHz ideal for coverage?

At 700 MHz, path loss is 9.5 dB lower than 2100 MHz. Building penetration is 7 to 10 dB versus 15 to 22 dB at 2100 MHz. Radio waves diffract more effectively around obstacles. These physics make 700 MHz ideal for blanket coverage and public safety. Band 28 enables LTE in remote areas and serves as the indoor fallback layer in cities.

Wireless Infrastructure

Components for Low-Band Cellular Networks

RF Essentials manufactures precision terminations and custom assemblies for base station antenna feed systems operating across the global cellular spectrum.

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