Test & Measurement

Average Detector

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A measurement detector mode in spectrum analyzers and EMI receivers that computes the weighted average of the signal envelope over the measurement dwell time, providing a reading proportional to the continuous power content of the signal. The average detector is one of three standard detector types (peak, quasi-peak, average) specified in CISPR emission standards.
Category: Test & Measurement
Standards: CISPR 16-1-1
Weighting: RMS or linear average

Comparison

ParameterTypicalHigh-PerfUnitNotes
FrequencyStandardExtendedGHzBand-dependent
PerformanceNominalOptimizeddBApplication-specific
LinearityModerateHighdBcSystem requirement
IntegrationDiscreteMonolithicCost vs performance
CostLowPremium$Volume-dependent

Understanding Average Detector

Average Detector Output:
V_avg = (1/T) x integral(0 to T) |V(t)| dt (linear average)
P_avg = (1/T) x integral(0 to T) |V(t)|^2 dt (RMS/power average)

For CW signals: V_avg = V_peak (same as peak detector)
For pulsed signals: V_avg = V_peak x duty_cycle (much lower than peak)
Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

When do you use average vs. peak detector?

Peak detector captures the worst-case instantaneous amplitude, used for interference potential assessment. Average detector measures the continuous power content, more relevant for receiver desensitization. CISPR standards require both measurements, each compared against its own limit line.

What is the difference between average and quasi-peak detectors?

The quasi-peak (QP) detector is a weighted peak detector with specific charge and discharge time constants defined by CISPR 16. QP readings fall between peak and average for pulsed signals. QP was designed to correlate with human perception of interference annoyance in AM radio receivers.

Why does CISPR require three different detectors?

Each detector captures a different aspect of the emission. Peak shows worst-case amplitude (protects digital receivers). Average shows continuous power (protects analog receivers from desensitization). Quasi-peak provides a weighted metric that correlates with subjective interference annoyance. All three must pass their respective limits.

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